Title: My Presentation Poster

CONTENT:

 

This is my poster, there are 6 contents should have in my poster to be present to assessor which are introduction, objective, methodology, results, conclusion and also references. All of the contents should correct and related with my project to ensure the assessor understand clearly about my project. And this poster already checked by supervisor before printing.

OBJECTIVE:

1.) To design the poster that complete everything about the project.

2.) To do the poster that can easy to understand by assessors.

CONCLUSION:

Poster is very important during the FYP presentation day because from the poster, everyone can know and understand about my project. This poster is successfully done and also already printed.

Title: Development of Prototype

METHODOLOGY (14)

CONTENT:

This is my prototype of my project, I has changed my prototype to be more proper and look nice. My prototype are developed from metal and aluminum to make it look like a bus.

OBJECTIVE:
1.) To design the prototype that look like a bus and more proper.
2.) To learn how to demo with the prototype.


CONCLUSION:
This is the last stage of my project, before the presentation day. And this prototype is successfully done according to supervisor advices.

Title: Development of Speedometer Cable

METHODOLOGY (13)

CONTENT:

Picture 1: Speedometer

Picture 2: Speedometer Cable

This is one of the assemble part in mechanical development. In my project I have to used speedometer cable to operate the speedometer. So I has combine the DC motor 24V with speedometer cable to operate the speedometer. This part is very important in order to make the speedometer function like the real speedometer in car. First, I need to glue the shaft motor with speedometer cable (refer Picture 2) to combine them together. And then I put the speedometer cable into speedometer hole (refer Picture 1). After finish this part, I have to used DC power supply at laboratory to operate the speedometer, and it successfully make the needle of speedometer go up and reach the speed needed. 

OBJECTIVE:

1.) To learn and do the experiment how to make the speedometer operate like the real one application (car/bus).

2.) To know the functions of each part and assemble all of the parts correctly.

3.) To learn the basic of mechanical parts.

CONCLUSION:

This part is very interesting and challenging because this is a mechanical part and not in my major courses, so I have to keep try continuously how to make the speedometer operate accordingly besides faces the failure. But at last I has successfully make the speedometer function very well and reach the speed needed with my best friend @ my room mate help. Without her I can't do it alone. Really thanks to her :)

Title: Testing the Encoder Sensors

METHODOLOGY (13)

CONTENT:

Modem initialize

 Speed below <80Km/h

1st Sensor

2nd Sensor

3rd Sensor

4th Sensor (1st warning - Yellow LED - buzzer "beep beep")

5th Sensor (Last warning - Red LED - buzzer ringing - send SMS)

This is a testing of sensors circuit that show the sensors will detect the range of speed that has been programmed. 1st sensor will detect the range speed between <80-90Km/h, 2nd sensor detect the range speed between <90-100Km/h, 3rd sensor will detect the range speed between <100-110Km/h. for the 4th sensor also known as 1st warning stage will detect the range speed between <100-120Km/h, at this stage Yellow LED will automatically turn on following by the sounds of buzzer ("beep beep"). For the last sensor is to detect the range speed over >120Km/h, at this stage Red LED will be turn on automatically following by the sounds of buzzer and at the same time GSM module send SMS to the data base (police, JPJ, LLM).

OBJECTIVE:

1.) To ensure all the sensors that has been programmed are correct according to the flow of process.

2.) To show the function of each sensors.

CONCLUSION:

Sensors as the input in this project because they as a component that detect the current speed and get out the output. So, from the sensors we will know what happens in each stage especially in the 1st warning stage and last warning stage. All the sensors are function very well and reach the target.

Title: Development of Mechanical Part

METHODOLOGY (12)

CONTENT:

This is the part of development of mechanical part which is involve speedometer and the cable. I have used speedometer type Proton in my project. Firstly, I need to cut the speedometer cable to make it short, because if I remain use the original length, the 24V DC motor will not support to increase the speed or the needle wont go up till 120Km/h. So I make it short and suitable with the power of motor. After that, I also affix the motor with speedometer cable tightly to make the needle go up when supplied with DC power supply.

To develop this part its take time because quiet hard to find something that can make the needle go up till 120Km/h. It because if in the vehicle application, they use motor aircond to make the needle increase. Due to motor aircond is very expensive so I decide to use DC motor only to make the speedometer function.

OBJECTIVE:
1.) To make speedometer and  the cable function very well by using  24V DC motor.
2.) To consider the length of the speedometer cable is affect the increasing of speedometer needle.
3.) To know how to interface between speedometer cable and DC motor.


CONCLUSION:

Mechanical part is quiet interesting part for me because it challenge me to think something that I never know and learn before. From this part I must know how to interface speedometer cable with DC motor and what kind of motor can support the speedometer. This part also quiet hard because I have to find a new way to make the speedometer function instead of using the real components in vehicle. The real components in vehicle is too expensive, that's why DC motor is the best way to me to applied it. As the result, this part is successfully and function very well.

Title : Complete Circuit of Bus Speeding Warning

METHODOLOGY (11)

CONTENT:

 

This is the complete circuit of my project before interfacing with the mechanical part which is speedometer. In the PIC circuit there are have PIC16F877A as the main components, buzzer, LED's, voltage regulator, resonator, reset button, power supply, 5 encoder sensors, LCD display and MAX232. 5 encoder sensors was split from the main circuit because they have to place on the speedometer (mechanical part). For 

MAX232 also be split from the main circuit to place it at another case. 

OBJECTIVE:

1.) To make the circuit more simple and tidy.

2.) To make it easy to place at the other case, so need to split them into several part.

3.) To know the function of each part and testing by part.

CONCLUSION:

This complete circuit was be testing and the result is successfully and function according to the flow of process.

Title: RS232 Interface Module

METHODOLOGY (10)


CONTENT:

Schematic Diagram of RS232 Interface Module

The MAX232 is an integrated circuit (IC), first created by Maxim Integrated Products, that converts signals from an RS232 serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits. The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals.

The receivers reduce RS-232 inputs (which may be as high as ± 25 V), to standard 5 V TTL levels. These receivers have a typical threshold of 1.3 V, and a typical hysteresis of 0.5 V.
The later MAX232A is backwards compatible with the original MAX232 but may operate at higher baud rates and can use smaller external capacitors – 0.1 μF in place of the 1.0 μF capacitors used with the original device.

RS-232 is a telecommunications standard for connecting certain types of electronic equipment. In computer networking, RS-232 cables were commonly used to connect modems to the compatible serial ports of personal computers. So-called null modem cables could also be connected directly between the RS-232 ports of two computers to create a simple network interface suitable for transferring files. 

In my project, RS232 as a connector to convert analog to digital signals which from PIC to GSM module (SMS). MAX232 is an IC that convert the signals. It's came along with RS232 serial port and combined together in one circuit. 5 capacitors are used together to stored energy because the RS232 is connected directly from power supply. Capacitors are stores an electric charge and releases it when required.

OBJECTIVE:

1.) To learn how to interface or construct the RS232 connector between PIC and GSM module.

2.) To understand the function of each components and applied it on the board.

CONCLUSION:

This part is quiet interesting because it involve the way how to convert the signals (analog-digital) by using MAX232. Furthermore, I don't have any experience about that and finally its done and function very well, even though facing some problems and need to troubleshoot again and again.

Title : Rotary Sensor (encoder)

METHODOLOGY (9)

CONTENT:

5 Rotary Sensor (encoder)

This is a type of sensor that I have used in my project that is Rotary Sensor (encoder). I need 5 encoder sensors in my project, which are first sensor is to detect the speed in range 80-90 Km/H, second sensor is to detect the speed in range <90-100 Km/H, third sensor is to detect the speed in range <100-110 Km/H, fourth sensor is to detect the speed in range <110-120 Km/H. For the fourth sensor it will give a warning that is yellow LED will be turn on and also the buzzer become beep beep, as long as the speed is not slowing down, the buzzer will non stop. For the last sensor which is fifth sensor to detect the speed over <120 Km/H, at this stage red LED will turn on, the buzzer sounds non stop and at the same time GSM module will send SMS to the data base (police,JPJ,LLM) immediately. At this time driver bus can't escape from the legal action because the data base already got the signal (SMS) that inform the driver bus over the speed.

OBJECTIVE:

1.) To learn how to program each sensor according to the process of project.

2.) To make sure the all the sensors function very well.

3.) To consider the sensitivity of the sensors.

CONCLUSION:

Development of all the sensors quiet hard because it involve the program. All the sensors need to program first according to the flow/stage. At last, all the sensors can function very well and succeed.

Title: The GSM module by using AT command

METHODOLOGY (8)

CONTENT:

This is a GSM module that I have used in my project. The type is GSM/GPRS/CDMA and the reference number is G900/180 C800. This GSM module used AT command to make a codding. There are have many type of command depends on what we want to do. For my project, this GSM was used to send SMS only to the data base. So I need to use AT+CMGS to send SMS to number of telephone (data base). If to read the SMS, I need to use another type of command that is AT+CMGR. And if to delete the SMS need to use AT+CMGD. But in my project, I only focus on AT+CMGS command.

The at command is a Command Prompt command that can be used to schedule other commands and programs to run at specific dates and times.

A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone.

When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to use the GSM modem to communicate over the mobile network.  While these GSM modems are most frequently used to provide mobile internet connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending and receiving SMS and MMS messages.

GSM uses a variation of time division multiple access (TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three digital wireless telephony technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). GSM digitizes and compresses data, then sends it down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own time slot. It operates at either the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz frequency band.

OBJECTIVE:

1.) To make the command depends on the process of my project.

2.) To learn and understand how to do the AT command.

3.) To make the GSM function and capable to send SMS.

CONCLUSION:

For this part, I have successfully to do the AT command, this is a new thing that I have learn and do not familiar about it before. But now, I can understand it.

Title: Schematic Diagram for PIC16F877A (2580)

METHODOLOGY (7)


CONTENT:

 

 PIC16F877A

 

I has designed this schematic diagram by using Protel software.  from the previous post, I have explain about the PIC16F877A.


OBJECTIVE:
1.) To develop the schematic diagram base on the process of project.
2.) To make the circuit so it can be program (burn the PIC)

CONCLUSION:
The schematic diagram was successfully to be designed and also it can be run.